• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The detection being performed for a given mission, the method comprises at least: A phase (21) for analyzing the environment using a previously chosen waveform (212), the signals acquired with this waveform being analyzed by processing means (213) to derive environmental features (222); - A phase (22) for developing an optimal detection wave (20) according to said environmental characteristics and characteristics of said mission.
    公开号:FR3050538A1
    申请号:FR1600669
    申请日:2016-04-22
    公开日:2017-10-27
    发明作者:Vincent Corretja；Gilles Guerrini；Thierry Sfez；Richard Montigny；Jean Marc Chabroux
    申请人:Thales SA；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    METHOD FOR OPTIMIZING THE DETECTION OF MARINE AND RADAR TARGETS USING SUCH A METHOD
    The present invention relates to a method for optimizing the detection of marine targets. It also relates to a radar implementing such a method.
    In the field of marine target detection, a technical problem to be solved is the real-time optimization and self-adaptation of the radar waveform used for target detection, depending on the operational requirements and the target. environment acquired and analyzed by radar in real time. Unlike the land, the maritime environment perceived by the radar is fluctuating (weather, current, waves, ...)
    Currently on surveillance radars, the choice of the waveform used is rather carried out manually by the operator among several predefined waveforms available in the radar, the operator being the person who manipulates the radar.
    The disadvantages of this solution include the following: - The time required by the operator to analyze the operational situation (type of target to detect, sea environment, weather conditions, etc., ...) and to choose the form of adapted wave. As a result, experience shows that the operator sometimes uses a waveform without changing it during a radar pass, or even an entire mission at the risk of not adapting the waveform to the environment; - The operator must, to make this choice wisely, have been formed on the one hand, and have a significant experience on the other hand; The waveform being chosen from a limited number of predefined waveforms (typically between 3 and 5 for air / sea detection processes), even the best choice of the operator does not ensure that the parameters of the waveform are perfectly adapted to the target to be treated and the environment present at the time of the mission, it should be noted that the radar has many capabilities that are not exploited by the operator for lack of time and knowledge; - The choice of waveform is made, by the operator, according to his own perception and evaluation of the environment, often enriched by the knowledge of meteorological information. However, this evaluation can be limited in precision, in particular because of an inaccurate knowledge of the operator, and not necessarily correspond to that perceived by the radar during its detection process. It depends on the operator and his workload.
    Automatic waveform management also exists in some combat radars. It makes it possible, particularly for the air-air modes, to manage the passage between the watch and the pursuit, the long-distance and the shorter-range attachment range, or possibly the cross-sector target passages. This type of management effectively reduces the burden on the operator and improves radar performance. However, on the one hand, it does not take into account the fluctuating maritime environment, such as sea clutter, which is a key factor in performance, and on the other hand it selects among predefined waveforms, but does not optimize in real time the parameters of the waveform.
    An object of the invention is in particular to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks. For this purpose, the subject of the invention is a method for optimizing the detection of marine targets carried out by an airborne radar, said detection being carried out for a given mission, said method comprising at least: a phase of analysis of the environment using a previously chosen waveform, the signals acquired with this waveform being analyzed by processing means to derive environmental characteristics; - A phase of development of an optimal detection wave according to said environmental characteristics and characteristics of said mission.
    In a particular mode of implementation, said detection waveform is determined from a generic waveform whose parameters are varied from the following list: the frequency of recurrence; - the transmission frequency; - frequency agility; - the emission band; - the form factor; - the polarization.
    Said environmental characteristics comprise for example the characteristics of the sea clutter, these characteristics belonging for example to the following list: level of reflectivity of the clutter, obtained by a radiometric analysis; - statistical distribution of clutter power received, obtained by statistical analysis; position and spectral spread of the clutter, obtained by spectral analysis; - presence or absence of clutter tips.
    The characteristics of said mission comprise, for example, the characteristics of the type of target to be detected, these characteristics being for example included in the following list: the length of the targets; - the radar equivalent area of the targets; - the structure of the targets; - the speed of the targets.
    The characteristics of said mission comprise, for example, the distance domain on which targets are to be detected.
    Said mission is for example a maritime patrol mission or maritime surveillance, including a rescue mission at sea. The invention also relates to a radar implementing the previously described method. Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the description which follows, given with reference to appended drawings which represent: FIG. 1, a state of the prior art; FIG. 2, an illustration of the process according to the invention; FIG. 3, an example of a decision tree that can be used in a method according to the invention; - Figure 4, the operating principle of a radar according to the invention.
    FIG. 1 illustrates a waveform selection solution according to the prior art. An operator 1 manually makes the choice of a waveform among several waveforms 11, 12, 13 possible. This choice is made according to the operational mission 2 and the environment, in particular the weather conditions 3. Depending on these elements, the choice is set with the aim of optimizing the detection capabilities 4 of the radar. The disadvantages of this solution have been discussed previously.
    FIG. 2 illustrates the possible implementation phases of a method according to the invention. Thanks to the invention, the radar is capable of evaluating its environment over its entire detection domain in order to analyze it and to deduce, according to the characteristics of the mission, the most appropriate waveform for this purpose. mission, that is, the optimal waveform. In other words, this waveform is the one that provides the maximum detection performance. For this purpose, the method according to the invention comprises at least two phases.
    In a first phase 21, an analysis of the environment is carried out over the entire detection domain of the radar, then in a second phase 22, once the known environment, the optimal detection waveform is automatically developed in function Mission operational requirements and environmental awareness. The mission includes a patrol or maritime surveillance mission. It is for example carried out in the context of a rescue at sea. In this example, a radar according to the invention then has for mission to detect the target or the marine targets, to rescue.
    In the first phase 21, the radar acquires the environment data 211 using a waveform 212, called the predetermined deterministic analysis waveform. This waveform is designed for environmental analysis. The acquisition of the signals for analysis is done beforehand for a period of several seconds in order to scan the entire range azimuth range that the radar must cover, for example on a radar antenna tower.
    Then, the signals acquired with this waveform 212 are analyzed by a treatment 213, called analysis processing. At the end of this analysis, the environmental characteristics 222 are obtained.
    In the second phase 22, the radar automatically generates the optimal detection waveform 20 based on the analysis result (the environment characteristics) and the mission, giving the type of targets 223 to be detected by selecting all of them. the primary parameters of its waveform and the electromagnetic radiation (for example: - frequency of recurrence, - frequency of emission, - agility of frequency, - emission band, - factor of form, its width of pulse, polarization, ...)
    Once the detection 224 is performed on one type of target, it is possible to restart the analysis and detection cycle for another type of target.
    If the detection phase 22 lasts for a certain time, it may be possible to go back through an analysis phase 21 to automatically update the detection waveform 20 selected according to the environment. Under these conditions, the current detection waveform can also serve as an analysis waveform if the latter is compatible with the expected data, which can be used for the acquisition of the environment 211.
    Several criteria and / or characteristics are taken into account to select the analysis waveform and to select the detection waveform. Selection of the analysis waveform:
    One purpose of the analysis waveform is to determine the main characteristics of the sea clutter influencing the choice of the detection waveform. These characteristics are as follows: - level of reflectivity of the clutter, obtained by a radiometric analysis; - statistical distribution of clutter power received, obtained by statistical analysis; position and spectral spread of clutter, obtained by spectral analysis; - presence or absence of clutter tips called "spikes".
    This waveform is chosen to allow measurements of the following characteristics: - emitted band: o its radial resolution must be sufficiently fine to observe any spikes phenomena; - frequency of recurrence: o its frequency of repetition of the pulses is sufficiently high to carry out spectral analysis without refolding of spectrum; o in order not to distort the statistical and radiometric analysis by causing refoldings in distance with a too high repetition frequency, a compromise is established between the preceding constraint and this one, compromise which can lead for example to a BFR (mode at low frequency of recurrence) high, or result in the emission of several emission blocks at repetition rates of different pulses; - frequency of emission compared to frequency agility: o the agility of transmitted frequencies is also taken into account for the radiometric and statistical analysis but is combined with the inverse stress for the spectral analysis, several blocks of emission at repetition frequencies and at different transmission frequencies that may be a solution; polarization: the polarimetry is also optionally chosen as a function of the elevation angle, but an analysis according to two different polarimetry is an advantageous solution, some emission blocks being in horizontal polarization and a few blocks being in vertical polarization; - form factor, or pulse width: - the average power emitted makes it possible to cover the entire distance range to be detected.
    Finally, the acquisition time of the clutter with the analysis waveform must be short, compatible with the needs of the mission. Selecting the detection waveform based on operational need and clutter awareness:
    The method according to the invention uses the principle of a generic waveform using several parameters. The optimization of the waveform is done by optimizing these parameters. These parameters are: - its frequency of recurrence; - its transmission frequency; the use of frequency agility or not; - its emission band; - its form factor, or pulse width; - its polarization; depending on the operational mission and more particularly: - the length of the type of targets that one seeks to detect; - the radar equivalent surface (SER) of the type of targets that one seeks to detect; - the speed of the type of targets that one seeks to detect; - the structure of the type of targets that one seeks to detect; for example a boat (parallel to the surface of the water) or a periscope (perpendicular to the surface of the water) - the distance range on which one seeks to detect targets; and according to the knowledge of the clutter, in terms of: - level of reflectivity of the clutter; - statistical distribution of the received clutter power; - position and spectral spread of the clutter; - presence or absence of spikes.
    The table below summarizes the possible dependencies between waveform parameters and operational characteristics and clutter awareness.
    Once the detection waveform is established, the detection 224 can be performed.
    Figure 3 illustrates a simple example of a decision tree that can be used to handle parameter choice antagonism. Indeed, some parameters can be antagonistic. For example, it is complicated to detect a low SER target at a great distance. The example of FIG. 3 illustrates a case where the radar chooses to privilege the emitted band, that is to say the distance resolution, with respect to the search distance domain. More precisely, by successively considering the different parameters of the detection waveform as a function of the characteristics of the operational mission, we first analyze the structure of the targets to be detected in order to define the polarization, then their SER is analyzed to deduce from it. 32 the frequency of transmission and the use or not of frequency agility. The SER is still used to define the form factor and to define the emitted band. Once the transmitted band is set, the recurrence frequency is determined according to whether the distance resolution is low or whether the distance resolution is high.
    More generally, a decision tree of the type of that of FIG. 3 is for example established, taking into account all the parameters of the waveform to be optimized and all the input constraints, defined in particular by the type of target to detect and environmental characteristics.
    A decision tree is one way of solving this type of antagonism problem. Other techniques can be used such as the use of an expert system for example.
    FIG. 4 illustrates the operating principle of a radar implementing the method according to the invention. The operator no longer intervenes to select the waveform, the choice being made automatically. The radar analyzes its environment in real time over its entire detection domain, then, depending on the result of its analysis 213 and operational mission 2, automatically defines the optimal waveform, that is to say, maximizing the probability of detection, for each zone of its detection domain.
    The waveform is developed from a generic waveform defined by the parameters 41, 42, 43 described above. The optimization of the waveform consists in defining in real time the optimal value of these parameters. The radar thus no longer has at its disposal a limited number of waveforms but on the contrary an almost unlimited number. For example, if the operational requirement is to detect average targets up to the radar horizon, then the radar analyzes the mission and determines the parameters of the generic waveform. Thus, it follows that: - the target means correspond to horizontal structures, leading to the choice of a horizontal polarization; the target averages have a medium-sized SER, making it possible to use a frequency agility opportunely, the target responding to each other frequency; the pulse width is determined: in order to allow remote detection; o depending on the shape factor possibilities of the radar transmitter; the resolution in distance is of the order of several tens of meters (corresponding to an average SER); o from which one deduces the selection of the emitted band, in this case a weak emitted band; the fact of having a weak band makes it possible to have a very low frequency of recurrence; - the frequency of recurrence is selected low so that the ambiguous distance is greater than the distance of the horizon. The invention advantageously makes it possible to maximize the probability of success of an operational mission by using the known information a priori of this mission in order to optimize the detection waveform used to fulfill this mission. Such a mission is the detection of marine targets, for example for rescue operations at sea.
    The main advantages of the invention include the following: - Self-adaptation and customization of the radar detection process to optimize the capabilities 4 of the radar; - Standardization and simplification of operator training; - Decrease the level of expertise required of the operators; - Reduction of the amount of stress and workload of the operators during their missions so that they can concentrate on them thanks to a less effort focused on the use of the radar.
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    1. A method for optimizing the detection of marine targets carried out by an airborne radar, characterized in that the detection being carried out for a given mission, said method comprises at least: - A phase (21) of environmental analysis using a previously chosen waveform (212), the signals acquired with this waveform are analyzed by processing means (213) to derive environmental characteristics (222); A phase (22) for generating an optimal detection wave (20) as a function of said environmental characteristics and the characteristics of said mission (2).
    [2" id="c-fr-0002]
    2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that said detection waveform (20) is determined from a generic waveform whose parameters are varied from the following list: the frequency of recurrence ; - the transmission frequency; - frequency agility; - the emission band; - the form factor; - the polarization.
    [3" id="c-fr-0003]
    3. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said environmental characteristics (222) comprise the characteristics of the sea clutter.
    [4" id="c-fr-0004]
    4. Method according to claim 3, characterized in that the characteristics of the sea clutter belong to the following list: level of reflectivity of the clutter, obtained by a radiometric analysis; - statistical distribution of clutter power received, obtained by statistical analysis; position and spectral spread of the clutter, obtained by spectral analysis; - presence or absence of clutter tips.
    [5" id="c-fr-0005]
    5. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the characteristics of said mission (2) comprise the characteristics of the target type to be detected.
    [6" id="c-fr-0006]
    6. Method according to claim 5, characterized in that the characteristics of the type of targets to be detected are included in the following list: the length of the targets; - the radar equivalent area of the targets; - the structure of the targets; - the speed of the targets.
    [7" id="c-fr-0007]
    7. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the characteristics of said mission (2) comprise the distance domain on which one seeks to detect the targets.
    [8" id="c-fr-0008]
    8. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said mission (2) is a maritime patrol mission or maritime surveillance.
    [9" id="c-fr-0009]
    9. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that said mission is a rescue mission at sea.
    [10" id="c-fr-0010]
    10. Radar, characterized in that it is able to implement the method according to any one of the preceding claims.
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    同族专利:
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    US20170307734A1|2017-10-26|
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    引用文献:
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    US6861974B1|2003-10-16|2005-03-01|Lockheed Martin Corporation|Clutter normalization by adaptation of transmit waveform|
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    CN110007281A|2018-11-28|2019-07-12|北京遥感设备研究所|A kind of the frequency domain timesharing detection system and method for external electromagnetic environment|
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    法律状态:
    2017-03-27| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2017-10-27| PLSC| Search report ready|Effective date: 20171027 |
    2018-03-27| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2020-03-26| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    2021-03-25| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1600669|2016-04-22|
    FR1600669A|FR3050538B1|2016-04-22|2016-04-22|METHOD FOR OPTIMIZING THE DETECTION OF MARINE TARGETS AND RADAR USING SUCH A METHOD|FR1600669A| FR3050538B1|2016-04-22|2016-04-22|METHOD FOR OPTIMIZING THE DETECTION OF MARINE TARGETS AND RADAR USING SUCH A METHOD|
    US15/492,676| US10520587B2|2016-04-22|2017-04-20|Method for optimising the detection of marine targets and radar implementing such a method|
    EP17167399.9A| EP3236281B1|2016-04-22|2017-04-20|Method for optimising the detection of marine targets and radar implementing such a method|
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